Gas burner

ABSTRACT

A gas burner is provided with a generator of resilient oscillations installed in the path of the gas flow, the generator being made as a double-threaded Archimedian screw and also serving as a whirler located symmetrically with respect to the longitudinal axis of the mixing chamber. The latter chamber serves as a resonator and communicates with the outlet nozzle and with channels for supplying an oxidizer.

United States Patent Nekrasov et a1.

[ 1 Aug. 1, 1972 [54] GAS BURNER [72] Inventors: Nikolai NikolaevichNekrasov; Alexandr Lvovich Blinchikov; Vasily Leonidovich Kazansky;Alexandr Fedorvich Besedin, all of Novokuibyshevsk; Anatoly FilippovichKriltunenko; Egor Maximovich Makarov; Alexei Lavrentievich Zemskov;Fridrikh lvanovich Afinogenov, all of Syzran; Sergei PavlovichKirichenko; Alexei Andreevich Kulikov, both of Novokuibysch'evsk, all ofU.S.S.R.

[73] Assignee: Assignors to Kuibyshevsky Filial Vsesojuznogomauchno-issledovatel skogo instituta neitepererabatyvajuschelPromyshlennosti, Novokuibyshevsk, U.S.S.R.

221 Filed: April 13, 1970 211 Appl.No.: 27,797

[52] U.S.Cl. ..431/353, 431/354, 239/405 [51] Int. Cl. ..F23d 15/02 [58]Field ofSearch... ...431/1, 9, 158, 171, 172,

[56] References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 3,463,601 8/1969 Childree..431/158 1,852,531 4/1932 Kreutzberg ..431/1 85 1,910,735 5/1933Zikesch ..43 l/354 X 1,953,090 4/1934 Vroom ..431/182 X FOREIGN PATENTSOR APPLICATIONS 178,679 12/1935 Switzerland ..239/403 PrimaryExaminer-Carroll B. Dority, Jr. Attorney-Waters, Roditi, Schwartz &Nissen [57] ABSTRACT A gas burner is provided with a generator ofresilient oscillations installed in the path of the gas flow, thegenerator being made as a double-threaded Archimedian screw and alsoserving as a whirler located symmetrically with respect to thelongitudinal axis of the mixing chamber. The latter chamber serves as aresonator and communicates with the outlet nozzle and with channels forsupplying an oxidizer.

3 Claims, 4 Drawing Figures PATENTEDA 2 3.681.003

sum 2 [IF 2 O0 COO 0000 000000 090000 000000 000000 000 GAS BURNER Theherein proposed gas burner is intended for use boiler units andgas-turbine installations;

industrial process furnaces of oil refinery and chemical plants;

furnaces and reactors for production of soot;

reactors for pyrolysis of gas;

furnaces for utilization of gaseous industrial products;

smelting and thermal furnaces in the metallurgical industry and in otherapparatus in which it is necessary to provide an efficientcombustion ofa gaseous fuel.

Known in the art are burners for combustion of a gaseous fuel,comprising a body having a displacement chamber with a whirlerconnection with passages for feeding gas and oxidizer and with a nozzlefor discharging a gaseous mixture.

In the known burners the gas-air mixture is formed in a turbulent vortexflow.

However, in the known burners the process of combustion of fuel iscarried out with an inadequate effectiveness due to a slow formation ofa gas-air mixture in these burners. The known burners have largedimensions, are complex in design and require special stabilizingdevices for stabilization of the process of combustion.

An object of the invention is to provide a burner with a more completeutilization of the kinetic energy of a gas fuel.

Another object of the invention is to provide a burner ensuring a stablecombustion of a gas fuel at a wide range of control of its consumption.

Still another object of the invention is to provide a burner featured bygood atomization of gas and good mixing of air with gas havingcondensating fractions.

Yet another object is to provide a burner capable of operating onhigh-pressure combustible gas.

Still another object of the invention is to provide a burner capable ofwidely changing its consumption from the design value and at a differentair-to-gas ratio.

Other object and advantages of the invention will be apparent from thedescription of some embodiments thereof.

These objects are attained by providing a burner for combustion of a gasfuel comprising a body having a mixing chamber with a whirler connectedto passages for feeding a gas and an oxidizer and to a noule fordisdischarging a gas mixture, in which according to the invention, asource of resilient oscillations is installed in the path of the gasflow before the mixing chamber.

The source of resilient oscillations is preferably made in the form of aconventional radiator of resilient oscillations in the form of adouble-threaded Archimedian screw serving as a whirler and located alongthe longitudinal axis of the mixing chamber serving as a resonator.

It is expedient that the mixing chamber be provided with an injectionnozzle coaxial to the chamber, the inlet hole of the nozzlecommunicating with a passage for feeding an oxidizer and the outlet holecommunicating with the mixing chamber. The outlet protion of theinjection nozzle is preferably provided with a whirler whose directionof whirling coincides with the direction of the Archimedian screw of theradiator of resilient oscillations.

In order to control the turbulence of the flame, the injection nozzle ispreferably movable in the axial direction.

It is advisable that an oval-shaped perforated disk be mounted at theoutput of the resonator chamber normal to the longitudinal axis of theburner for preventing the combustion products from entering the inlethole of the injection nozzle, said disk being provided with elements forsplitting the flame.

It is expedient that the elements for splitting the flame form channelstangential to the outlet portion of the burner nozzle and be'located ina direction coinciding with that of the Archimedian screw of theradiator of resilient oscillations.

The injection nozzle may be provided with a liquidfuel sprayer forcombined combustion of liquid and gas fuel.

The proposed gas burner makes it possible to reduce the totalconsumption of combustible gas due to a better mixing thereof with theoxidizer.

The efficiency of the burner can be increased by using the gas with apressure of 0.2 to 20 bars and by combusting a gas having condensationfractions.

It is possible to combust gas in the same burner while changing itsconsumption within the range of 0.5 to 2 of the design value and at avarious ratio of air to gas being combusted, i.e., within the range of0.95 to. 3.4

Other objects and advantages of the invention will be apparent from thefollowing description of a preferred form of the invention, referencebeing made to the accompanying drawings, in which:

FIG. 1 is a longitudinal section of the gas burner ac cording to theinvention;

FIG. 2 is a sectional view taken along line II-II in FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a longitudinal section of the gas burner, according to theinvention, having a stationary injection nozzle, a perforated disk andelements for splitting a gas-air flow;

FIG. 4 is a top view thereof.

The burner comprises a body 1 (FIG. 1) which has a passage 2 for feedinga gas fuel communicating with a cylindrical chamber 3 used fordistribution of the gas within cylindrical channels 4 (FIGS. 1, 2)uniformly arranged in the body 1 along a circle. The body 1 communicateswith the cylindrical chamber 3 and with an annular chamber 5 used fordistribution of the gas within the channels 6 of a radiator 7 (FIG. 1)of resilient oscillations. The radiator 7 has nozzles (channels) 6formed by curved partitions 8 (FIG. 2) secured to the bottom of theradiator 7, each partition being made in the form of equal lengths of adouble-threaded Archimedian screw. These lengths are located along acircle and overlap each other within an angle of 0 to The radiator 7also has a cylindrical nozzle (channel) 9 (FIGS. 1,2) of a variablecross section, in which the hole of a smaller diameter communicates withamixing chamber 10 serving as a resonator and the hole of a greaterdiameter communicates with a distributor 11 (FIG. 1) made in the form ofa cylindrical chamber, which distributor, in turn, communicates withradial cylindrical passages 12 used for supplying air. The burner has anozzle 13 with a cylindrical passage 14 for discharging the gas-airmixture and an annular projection 15 in the form of a half-torus forforming the flame as a rotary toroid.

The burner operates as follows.

The gas fuel under a pressure exceeding atmospheric pressure is forcedinto the passage 2 and is uniformly distributed within the cylindricalchamber 3. Then, through the cylindrical channels 4 communicating withthe chamber 3, the gas is fed into the annular chamber 5 formed bythebody 1, nozzle 13 and radiator 7. After uniformly distributing withinthe annular chamber 5, the gas enters the nozzles (channels) 6 formed bythe identical curved partitions 8 of the radiator 7 wherein the gas isdivided into two flows. These partitions consist of lengths of adouble-threaded Archirnedian screw located symmetrically along a circle,the adjacent portions of the partitions overlapping each otherwithin anangle of 0 to 90. The gas flows moving along the channels (nozzles) 6acquire a rotary motion, run one over the other on the partitions 8where under the action of centrifugal forces they are alternatelydecelerated, which operation results in uniform and alternately uniformpulsation of the flows within a sonic or ultrasonic frequency range. Theoscillating flows are then directed to the mixing chamber 10 serving asresonator.

Due to a vortex movement of the gas flow in the chamber 10 and due areduced diameter of the channel 9 at the outlet thereof into thischamber having a greater diameter, the air is injected into this chamberwherein it is intensively mixed with the gas due to the vortex movementof the gas and due to the resilient oscillations which intensify thismixing.

The flow of a gas-air mixture, having a rotary and oscillatory motion atthe outlet from the cylindrical channel 14 of the nozzle 13, under theaction of centrifugal forces forms a funnel-shaped flame. As the outletnozzle 13 has a projection 15 shaped as a half-tore, due to the coandaeffect there is provided a further widening of the flame.

The. flame produced by the burner is shaped as a toroid consisting of ahigh-turbulent gas-air mixture and located normalto the longitudinalaxis of the burner. Besides, in case of the vortex motion of vibratinggasair flow leaving the nozzle 13, under the action of centrifugalforces, there is provided a high vacuum at the center of the nozzle andthis allows the high-temperature combustion products and air to besucked (injected) to the root of the flame, thus aiding in stabilizationof the process of combustion. The resilient oscillations generated bythe gas flows in the radiator 7 are transferred to the flame by thegas-air flow and provide for vibration of this flame which intensifiesthe process of combustion of the gas.

The burner shown in FIG. 3 is designed for combustion of residual gasesfrom oil and gas refinery plants. It comprises a body 16 which haschannels 17 for feeding the gas to an annular chamber 18 used foruniform distribution of the gas into the nozzle 19 of a radiator 20 ofresilient oscillations, said nozzles communicating with a main channel21 for feeding the gas to the burner. Secured within the annular chamber18 in coaxial relationship therewith is the radiator 20 similar to thatshown in FIGS. 1, 2 and described above. The radiator 20 (FIG. 3)comprises a cylindrical chamber 22 (FIG. 3) serving as a resonator andrigidly connected with a cylindrical nozzle 23 used for discharging thepulsating gas flows. The nozzle 23 is located coaxially with respect tothe cylindrical chamber 22 and a nozzle 24 and is rigidly connected withthe inlet portion of the latter. The nozzle 24 is shaped as aquarter-tore, the diameter of the opening of the nozzle 23 being lessthan the diameter of the outlet hole of the nozzle 24, for producing aflame in the form of a rotary toroid.

Located on the edge of the outlet portion of the nozzle 23 normal to thelongitudinal axis of the burner and coaxially therewith is anoval-shaped perforated disk 25 preventing the combustion products frompenetrating into the inlet hole of the injection nozzle26. Theperforated disk 25 is rigidly connected with the nozzles 23, 24 andsecured to the body 16 through supports 27.

Rigidly secured to the bottom of the body 16 is injection nozzle 26serving for injection of air. The injection nozzle 26 is locatedcoaxially in the cylindrical chamber 22 and noule 23. The inlet portionof the injection nozzle 26 is in communication with the atmosphere whilethe outlet portion of this-nozzle is in communication with an annularchamber 28 serving for discharging the gas and partiallymixingthepulsating gas flows with the injected air. Uniformly arrangedon the disk 25 around the nozzle 24 are elements 29 used for splittingthe flame. The elements 29 by means of a disk 30 having an aperture 31form rectangular channels-splitters 32 (FIG. 4) directing the splitframe to the outlet portion of the burner. The channels 32 are locatedtangentially to the outlet portion of the nozzle 24 (FIG. 3) of theburner and are installed in accordance with the direction of theArchemedian screw of the radiator of electric oscillations. An opening31 of the disk 30 is used for suction (injection) of the combustionproducts and injected air to the root of the flame. The perforations inthe disk 25 are in the form of round holes and slots 33 (FIG. 4) locatedsymmetrically around the nozzle 24 (FIG. 3) and therebeneath. Theperforations are used for additional injection of air. The burner ismounted on the input pipe 35 through a flange coupling 34.

The burner operates as follows.

The gas under a pressure exceeding atmospheric pressure is fed throughthe channel 21 and, uniformly distributing therein, is fed through thechannels 17 into the annular chamber 18 formed by radiator 20 ofresilient oscillations (FIG. 3) shown in FIGS. 1, 2 and described above.The gas brought into vibration in the resonator 22 is fed to thecylindrical nozzle 23 and then to the nozzle 24. Due to the rotarymotion of the gas flows and a sharp increase of the passage section ofthe annular chamber 28, a vacuum is produced at the input of the nozzle24 in the center of the outlet hole of the annular chamber of the nozzle23 and nozzle 24 and this provides for a suction (injection) of airthrough the injection nozzle 26. At the output from the cylindricalnozzle 23 and in the nozzle 24 the gas is mixed with air. The vortexmotion of the gas flows andtheir pulsation intensify the process ofmixing. Under the action of the coanda effect, the nozzle 24 forms aflame shaped as a toroid consisting of a high-turbulent gas-air mixture,said toroid being located perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of theburner. When passing through the channel-splitters 32, the flameincreases its active surface while keeping its rotary motion.

If a vacuum is produced in the center of the nozzle 24, the air andhigh-temperature combustion products are sucked (injected) to the roofof the flame and this aids in stabilization of the process ofcombustion. During the vortex motion of the flame there is provided anadditional injection of air due to the perforation of the disk 25 andthe slotted channels 33. Ignition of the gasair mixture can be effectedby means of a suitable device (not shown) located in one of the channelsof the flame splitter.

We claim:

1. A burner for combustion of a gas fuel, said burner comprising a bodyhaving an inlet for a gas fuel and an inlet for an oxidizer, acylindrical mixing chamber disposed in said body and connected with saidinlets for receiving gas fuel and oxidizer; means installed in the pathof the flow of the gas fuel for producing two streams thereof whichcoact and produce resilient oscillations while imparting whirling flowto said gas fuel at the entrance of said mixing chamber; a nozzledisposed in said body and communicating with said mixing chamber andhaving a shaped projection in the form of a part-torus for discharging awhirled mixture of the gas fuel and oxidizer in the form of a toroidalflame expanded perpendicularly to the longitudinal axis of the burner.

2. A burner according to claim 1, wherein said means for producingresilient oscillations comprises a radiator of resilient oscillationsincluding two stationary curved partitions disposed in said burner bodysymmetrically about the center of said mixing chamber and of the shapeof an Archimedian screw, said partitions having ends which overlap oneanother by a central angle not exceeding relative to the center of saidmixing chamber, said partitions serving simultaneously to whirl the flowof the gas fuel while forming channels disposed in a plane perpendicularto the longitudinal axis of said mixing chamber, said channels beingconnected at their entrance openings to an annular distribution chamberprovided in said burner body, and at their outlet openings, with saidmixing chamber, the latter having a cylindrical portion which serves asa resonator chamber for the resilient oscillations of said radiator.

3. A burner according to claim 1 comprising an ovalshaped perforateddisk mounted at the outlet of said resonator chamber normal to thelongitudinal axis of the burner, said disk preventing penetration ofcombustion products into the inlet of said injection nozzle.

August,v l, 1972 CERTIFICATE or Patent No. I 3: 3 Dated Inventor-(5)Nikolai Nikolaevich Nekrasov et a1 It is certified that error appears inthe above-identified patent and that said Letters Patent are herebycorrected as shown below:

On the cover sheet [73] the name of the assignee should readKuibyshevsky Filial Vsesojuznogo Nauchno Issledovatel-Skogo InstitutaNeftepererabatyvajuschei I Promyshlennosti Signed and sealed this 9thday of December 1972.

(SEAL) Attest:

EDWARD M.FLETCHER,JR. ROBERT GOTTSCHALK Attesting Officer Commissionerof Patents USCOMM-DC 603764 69 U5. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1 I9590-356334,

FORM PO-105O (10-69)

1. A burner for combustion of a gas fuel, said burner comprising a bodyhaving an inlet for a gas fuel and an inlet for an oxidizer, acylindrical mixing chamber disposed in said body and connected with saidinlets for receiving gas fuel and oxidizer; means installed in the pathof the flow of the gas fuel for producing two streams thereof whichcoact and produce resilient oscillations while imparting whirling flowto said gas fuel at the entrance of said mixing chamber; a nozzledisposed in said body and communicating with said mixing chamber andhaving a shaped pRojection in the form of a part-torus for discharging awhirled mixture of the gas fuel and oxidizer in the form of a toroidalflame expanded perpendicularly to the longitudinal axis of the burner.2. A burner according to claim 1, wherein said means for producingresilient oscillations comprises a radiator of resilient oscillationsincluding two stationary curved partitions disposed in said burner bodysymmetrically about the center of said mixing chamber and of the shapeof an Archimedian screw, said partitions having ends which overlap oneanother by a central angle not exceeding 90* relative to the center ofsaid mixing chamber, said partitions serving simultaneously to whirl theflow of the gas fuel while forming channels disposed in a planeperpendicular to the longitudinal axis of said mixing chamber, saidchannels being connected at their entrance openings to an annulardistribution chamber provided in said burner body, and at their outletopenings, with said mixing chamber, the latter having a cylindricalportion which serves as a resonator chamber for the resilientoscillations of said radiator.
 3. A burner according to claim 1comprising an oval-shaped perforated disk mounted at the outlet of saidresonator chamber normal to the longitudinal axis of the burner, saiddisk preventing penetration of combustion products into the inlet ofsaid injection nozzle.